motion to recuse judge new yorkmotion to recuse judge new york

I have been involved in four motions to. a Hearing on the Motions filed on October 17, 2002. We are seeking an attorney to join our commercial finance practice in either our Stamford, Hartford or New Haven offices. Each attorney is granted unlimited access to high quality, on-demand premium content from well-respected faculty in the legal industry along with administrative access to easily manage CLE for the entire team. This provision shall apply to all candidates for elective judicial office in the Unified Court System except for town and village justices. The only exception to this rule is that a judge may appear as a speaker or guest of honor at a fund-raising event if the organization is a bar association, court employee association, or law school [see NY Jud. See 22 NYCRR 100.6 (A). The panel shall consist of such number of members who possess such qualifications and serve for such terms as the rules and regulations shall provide. 11 What is a motion to recuse? 3 Columbus Circle - 15th Floor New York, New York, 10019 Attorney for Defendants Oscilloscope Pictures, Inc, Oscilloscope Inc., Daniel Berger, and Thomas Sladek Joel W. Stemman Joel . Your credits were successfully purchased. R. A. P. 15 (a). (b) with respect to cases, controversies or issues that are likely to come before the court, make commitments that are inconsistent with the impartial performance of the adjudicative duties of the office. (4) political conduct prohibited by section 50.5 of the Rules of the Chief Judge (22 NYCRR 50.5). (2) A judge or non-judge who is a candidate for public election to judicial office may participate in his or her own campaign for judicial office as provided in this section and may contribute to his or her own campaign as permitted under the Election Law. (3) A judge shall not make unnecessary appointments. CT. ACTS 20 Ex officio judge must not be interested in costs or compensation of attorneys or counsellors in his court. Op. 17. The industry-leading media platform offering competitive intelligence to prepare for today and anticipate opportunities for future success. (c) involve the judge in frequent transactions or continuing business relationships with those lawyers or other persons likely to come before the court on which the judge serves. . The last one is on appeal and we choose to withhold discussion of the reasoning, except to say that the court required a showing of actual bias. MOTION to Stay. The judge shall require similar abstention on the part of court personnel subject to the judge's direction and control. 33.2, filed Feb. 2, 1982; repealed, new filed Feb. 1, 1996 eff. Understandably, they frequently are sought after as guests of honor, speakers, planning committee members, or even fund-raising chairs. So, if you want to ask a judge to participate with you on a law school alumni committee, particularly to the extent of planning or encouraging fellow classmates to attend, and nothing more, the judge most likely will be free to do so. 2d, Courts and Judges, Section 110. Judicial Administration 28.68.30 Disqualification on Westlaw. (B) A judge shall not allow family, social, political or other relationships to influence the judge's judicial conduct or judgment. 06-111.] 07-04.] (1) A full-time judge shall not appear at a public hearing before an executive or legislative body or official except on matters concerning the law, the legal system or the administration of justice or except when acting pro se in a matter involving the judge or the judge's interests. Preamble Feb. 27, 2023, at 2:56 p.m. Ex-Cardinal McCarrick Asks Court to Dismiss Sex Assault Case. (1) Neither a sitting judge nor a candidate for public election to judicial office shall directly or indirectly engage in any political activity except (i) as otherwise authorized by this section or by law, (ii) to vote and to identify himself or herself as a member of a political party, and (iii) on behalf of measures to improve the law, the legal system or the administration of justice. A judge or surrogate or former judge or surrogate shall not act as attorney or counsellor in any action, claim, matter, motion or proceeding, which has been before him in his official character. The Advisory Committee on Judicial Ethics (ACJE) has offered some guidance for identifying a substantial violation. In Opinion 06-99, examining whether the Rules required the inquiring judge to report a lawyer who had just lost a malpractice trial before a jury, the ACJE noted in language that parallels DR 1-103 that a substantial violation is one that implicates the attorneys honesty, trustworthiness, or fitness as a lawyer. [NY Jud. If he pass[es] the internal test of freedom from disabling prejudice, he must next attempt an objective appraisal of whether this [is] a proceeding in which his impartiality might reasonably be questioned." 4. In the judge's decision and order dated June 26, she dismissed my motion to recuse herself, again with the help of maneuvering. Jan. 1, 1996. . Recusal, as a matter of due process, is required only where there exists a direct, personal, substantial or pecuniary interest in reaching a particular conclusion, or where a clash in judicial roles is seen to exist. (People v. Alomar, 93 N.Y.2d 239, 246 [1999]. Often, they must decline some or all of these requests because of their ethical obligations. This is perfect for attorneys licensed in multiple jurisdictions or for attorneys that have fulfilled their CLE requirement but need to access resourceful information for their practice areas. Growing tension between the Chesterfield County Commonwealth's Attorney's Office and Circuit Judge Lynn Brice has led chief prosecutor Stacey Davenport to ask Brice to recuse herself from . About Us| 100.1 A judge shall uphold the integrity and independence . Before me on referral from the Honorable Roslynn R. Mauskopf is a Motion to Dismiss and Compel Arbitration ("Motion," Dkt. (A) Extra-Judicial Activities in General. 06-53.] A judge shall not testify voluntarily as a character witness. (7) A judge shall dispose of all judicial matters promptly, efficiently and fairly. If you are sure there is a reason that the Judge can't be fair in your case, you can ask the Judge to remove himself or herself from you case by making a motion for recusal. Op. 100.7, filed Nov. 26, 1976; renum. Adv. Adv. This duty to report is not optional. by clicking the Inbox on the top right hand corner. Both options are priced the same. Nonpublic information may include but is not limited to: information that is sealed by statute or court order, impounded or communicated in camera; and information offered in grand jury proceedings, presentencing reports, dependency cases or psychiatric reports. (Phone: (716) 551-1500 or (716) 551-1700.) The motion can be brought by either a prosecutor or a defense attorney. Whatever an organizations purpose, a judge still may be involved in a secondary capacity: the judge may help organize events that involve fund-raising, but may not directly participate in the solicitation and collection of monies. recusal when the motion has a proper basis. Dynamically explore and compare data on law firms, companies, individual lawyers, and industry trends. (5) A judge shall require lawyers in proceedings before the judge to refrain from manifesting, by words or conduct, bias or prejudice based upon age, race, creed, color, sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, gender expression, religion, national origin, disability, marital status or socioeconomic status, against parties, witnesses, counsel or others. (i) The panel shall have no executive, administrative or appointive duties except as provided otherwise in this paragraph or in rules and regulations adopted to implement this paragraph. Motion to Disqualify Judge in New York What Is a Motion to Disqualify Judge? Op. A full-time judge shall not practice law. The Justice Department has asked a federal judge to force former Vice President Mike Pence to testify fully in front of a grand jury investigating former President . A full-time judge may receive compensation and reimbursement of expenses for the extra-judicial activities permitted by this Part, if the source of such payments does not give the appearance of influencing the judge's performance of judicial duties or otherwise give the appearance of impropriety, subject to the following restrictions: (a) Compensation shall not exceed a reasonable amount nor shall it exceed what a person who is not a judge would receive for the same activity. 4 A full-time judge shall not act as an arbitrator or mediator or otherwise perform judicial functions in a private capacity unless expressly authorized by law. We will see there is a certain degree of courage required to move to recuse the judge assigned to your case, but Cohen quotes Chief Judge Benjamin Cardozos statement, made in a different context: The timorous may stay at home. Murphy v. Steeplechase Amusement, 250 N.Y. 479 (1979). The rules prescribing that a judge "require" certain conduct of others, like all of the rules in this Part, are rules of reason. A judge shall not sit as such in, or take any part in the decision of, an action, claim, matter, motion or proceeding to which he is a party, or in which he has been attorney or counsel, or in which he is interested, or if he is related by consanguinity or affinity to any party to the controversy within the sixth degree. 03-64; 97-129. A motion to recuse the judge, where there is sufficient cause, can lead to adverse and destructive consequences to the attorney-client relationship. (2) A judge who receives information indicating a substantial likelihood that a lawyer has committed a substantial violation of the Rules of Professional Conduct (22 NYCRR Part 1200) shall take appropriate action. The judicial duties of a judge take precedence over all the judge's other activities. Motion for Recusal of Judge - Removal Recusal The Forms Professionals Trust! Don't miss the crucial news and insights you need to make informed legal decisions. A charge that a judge is biased or prejudiced must be based upon something other than rulings in the case. (People v. Moreno, 70 N.Y.2d 403, 407 [1987]. ], In all other cases where recusal is called for but is not mandated under the Rules, it may not necessarily end the judges role in the case. [NY Jud. Op. when new changes related to " are available. (V) An "impending proceeding" is one that is reasonably foreseeable but has not yet been commenced. The cost of the ticket shall be deemed to constitute the proportionate cost of the dinner or function if the cost of the ticket is $250 or less. (A) A judge shall respect and comply with the law and shall act at all times in a manner that promotes public confidence in the integrity and impartiality of the judiciary. Adv. (6) A judge or a non-judge who is a candidate for public election to judicial office may not permit the use of campaign contributions or personal funds to pay for campaign-related goods or services for which fair value was not received. Many attorneys view the opportunity to serve on a campaign committee as an honor and a privilege. I, certify that a copy of this Motion to Recuse Judge was mailed on September 13,2022 to: By Mail Robert S. Meloni Thomas P. McCaffrey MELONI & MCCAFFREY, P.C. The following terms used in this Part are defined as follows: (A) A "candidate" is a person seeking selection for or retention in public office by election. Adv. 89-107. The rules are not intended as an exhaustive guide for conduct. will be able to access it on trellis. Op. We noticed that you're using an AdBlocker. [NY Jud. (2) The same restrictions on financial activities that apply to a judge personally also apply to the judge while acting in a fiduciary capacity. A judge may, however, represent a country, state or locality on ceremonial occasions or in connection with historical, educational or cultural activities. After disclosure, the judge may continue to hear the case, unless a party makes a motion to recuse, which the judge must decide on the merits. ), Where disqualification is not based on Section 14 of Judiciary Law, New York Codes, Rules and Regulations prescribes the grounds for disqualification. Functions of the chief administrator of the courts. Specific Jury Verdict, [DOCUMENT] Stilwell Value Partners Ii, L.P., Stilwell Value Partners V, L.P., Stilwell Value Partners Vi, L.P., Stilwell Value Partners Vii, L.P., Stilwell Partners, L.P., Stilwell Associates, L.P. v. D.F. A judge shall exercise the power of appointment impartially and on the basis of merit. filed Aug. 1, 1972; repealed, new added by renum. Although noting that the Rules contain no corresponding provision for misconduct by non-lawyers, the ACJE has concluded that a judge may choose to report any misconduct of parties or witnesses uncovered during a judicial proceeding. (2) A judge shall require staff, court officials and others subject to the judge's direction and control to observe the standards of fidelity and diligence that apply to the judge and to refrain from manifesting bias or prejudice in the performance of their official duties. Feb. 23, 2023, 12:53 p.m. Op. This requirement shall not apply to candidates for election to town and village courts. You can always see your envelopes An independent and honorable judiciary is indispensable to justice in our society. New York Legal Ethics Reporter provides this article with the understanding that neither New York Legal Ethics Reporter LLC, nor Frankfurt Kurnit Klein & Selz, nor Hofstra University, nor their representatives, nor any of the authors are engaged herein in rendering legal advice. [22 NYCRR 100.3(F). Last. [NY Jud. DISCLAIMER: This article provides general coverage of its subject area and is presented to the reader for informational purposes only with the understanding that the laws governing legal ethics and professional responsibility are always changing. Perkins Coie Lays Off 58 Business Professionals, Cravath Set for English Law Debut with Shearman Double Partner Hire, AI Has Gone Mainstream. A judge shall avoid impropriety and the appearance . [NY Jud. Judge prohibited from practicing law in his court. Candidates should Duane Morris LLP has an opening for Litigation Associate with 2-3 years of experience to join its Trial Practice Group in Houston. Adv. Our Team Account subscription service is for legal teams of four or more attorneys. (3) interfere with the proper performance of judicial duties and are not incompatible with judicial office. King & Co., Inc., Rebecca Kral, Richard H. Grubaugh, [DOCUMENT] Jpmorgan Chase Bank, National Association v. Kelly Anne Carbonaro, New York City Parking Violations Bureau, New York City Transit Adjudication Bureau, New York City Environmental Control Board, John Does And Jane Does, [DOCUMENT] Deutsche Bank National Trust Company, As Trustee For Morgan Stanley Abs Capital I Inc. Trust 2004-Nc6, Mortgage Pass-Through Certificates, Series 2004-Nc6 v. Marie Blaise, Wilson Milford, People Of The State Of New York, Town Supervisor, Town Of Islip, Good Samaritan Hospital Medical Center, Discover Bank, Cach, Llc, Midland Funding Llc D/B/A In New York As Midland Funding Of Delaware Llc Apo Ge Money Bank, Jawam Inc Dba Empire Bail Bonds, John Doe #1 Through John Doe #12 the last twelve names being fictitious and unknown to plaintiff, the persons or parties intended being the tenants, occupants, persons or corporations, if any, having or claiming an interest in or lien upon the Subject Property described in the Complaint, [DOCUMENT] City Of Yonkers v. The Yonkers Fire Fighters, Local 628, International Association Of Firefighters, Afl-Cio, Christopher Giardini, [DOCUMENT] Sharon Brown-Jodoin INDIVIDUALLY AND AS EXECUTOR ELECT OF THE ESTATE OF SELVYN D BROWN v. Anthony Joseph Pirrotti, Law Offices Of Anthony J Pirrotti Pc, Pirrotti & Pirrotti Llp. FindLaw Codes may not reflect the most recent version of the law in your jurisdiction. Op. Prohibited political activity shall include: (a) acting as a leader or holding an office in a political organization; (b) except as provided in Section 100.5(A)(3), being a member of a political organization other than enrollment and membership in a political party; (c) engaging in any partisan political activity, provided that nothing in this section shall prohibit a judge or candidate from participating in his or her own campaign for elective judicial office or shall restrict a non-judge holder of public office in the exercise of the functions of that office; (d) participating in any political campaign for any office or permitting his or her name to be used in connection with any activity of a political organization; (e) publicly endorsing or publicly opposing (other than by running against) another candidate for public office; (f) making speeches on behalf of a political organization or another candidate; (h) soliciting funds for, paying an assessment to, or making a contribution to a political organization or candidate; or. 07-73; 06-44. ET. (H) "Member of the candidate's family" denotes a spouse, child, grandchild, parent, grandparent or other relative or person with whom the candidate maintains a close familial relationship. Unless otherwise made clear by the citation in the text, references to individual components of the rules are cited as follows: "Section"-refers to a provision consisting of 100 followed by a decimal (100.1). Gain access to some of the most knowledgeable and experienced attorneys with our 2 bundle options! (9) A judge shall not: Category: Civil Procedure - Motions - Recusals State: Multi-State Control #: US-02218BG Instant Download Buy now Available formats: Word | Rich Text Free Preview Description Related Forms How to Guide Free Preview Motion Judge A judge shall so conduct the judge's extra-judicial . and amd. Such a prejudgment forms the basis of plaintiff's motion to compel my recusal. ], Finally, even in those instances where neither recusal nor disclosure is required, a judge retains the right to recuse based on whether the judge believes he/she can remain fair and impartial, a determination left to the sound discretion of the judge. The views expressed in this article are those of the author only and are not those of the Office of Court Administration or Unified Court System. Adv. 02-39; 90-175. 92-19.] The Committee cautioned, however, that although the judge could critique participants in the program, the judge should remain neutral, and should not teach the lawyers how to win cases. [Id.] (5) "De minimis" denotes an insignificant interest that could not raise reasonable questions as to a judge's impartiality. 6 [NY Jud. Where the judge knows the relationship to be within the second degree, (i) the judge must disqualify him/herself without the possibility of remittal if such person personally appears in the courtroom during the proceeding or is likely to do so, but (ii) may permit remittal of disqualification provided such person remains permanently absent from the courtroom. 100.0 Terminology March 21, 1996. A motion to recuse is a legal motion filed in court that says a judge should be disqualified, or removed, from a legal case for a reason listed within CCP 170.1. With this subscription you will receive unlimited access to high quality, online, on-demand premium content from well-respected faculty in the legal industry. Historical Note Defendants Memorandum of Law Supporting Motion for Recusal and/or Disqualification of Judge Kaplan NY; July 14, 2000 Martin Garbus, Esq. (A) General Application. 03-64; 97-129.] Except for the rare campaign that is entirely self-financed, judicial candidates must use a campaign committee to raise the money necessary to conduct a campaign for office while insulating themselves from the solicitation of these funds to the greatest extent possible. (22 N.Y.C.R.R. (3) A judge may be a member or serve as an officer, director, trustee or non-legal advisor of an organization or governmental agency devoted to the improvement of the law, the legal system or the administration of justice or of an educational, religious, charitable, cultural, fraternal or civic organization not conducted for profit, subject to the following limitations and the other requirements of this Part. A judge may speak, write, lecture, teach and participate in extra-judicial activities subject to the requirements of this Part. 01-07. . Ops. (D) Time for Compliance. The Court agreed and granted the motion to be relieved, assigned a Criminal Justice Act attorney to represent Oluwafemi who then also became a cooperating witness. New Haven offices industry-leading media platform offering competitive intelligence to prepare for today and anticipate opportunities future... Part of Court personnel subject to the judge shall require similar abstention the... Judge, where there is sufficient cause, can lead to adverse and destructive consequences to the requirements of part... 100.1 a judge shall not apply to all candidates for elective judicial office understandably they... An independent and honorable judiciary is indispensable to justice in our society sufficient! Personnel subject to the requirements of this part Advisory committee on judicial Ethics ( ACJE ) has offered some for! To candidates for election to town and village courts Stamford, Hartford or New Haven offices that is reasonably but... Judicial duties of a judge shall exercise the power of appointment impartially and on the filed... Except for town and village courts the Forms Professionals Trust, Hartford New... Identifying a substantial violation sought after as guests of honor, speakers, planning committee members, or fund-raising! Feb. 1, 1996 eff ethical obligations well-respected faculty in the Case and. 100.7, filed Feb. 2, 1982 ; repealed, New filed Feb. 2, 1982 ; repealed, added... 2, 1982 ; repealed, New added by renum judge take precedence over all the judge 's.! Judge take precedence over all the judge shall require similar abstention on top! Companies, individual lawyers, and industry trends not be interested in costs or of... Explore and compare data on law firms, companies, individual lawyers, and industry trends 26, ;!, can lead to adverse and destructive consequences to the attorney-client relationship Team Account subscription service for. Many attorneys view the opportunity to serve on a campaign committee as an exhaustive for. 27, 2023, at 2:56 p.m. Ex-Cardinal McCarrick Asks Court to Dismiss Assault..., planning committee members, or even fund-raising chairs ( ACJE ) has offered some guidance for a... Performance of judicial duties and are not incompatible with judicial office in Unified!, efficiently and fairly ( 716 ) 551-1500 or ( 716 ) 551-1700 )! Understandably, they frequently are sought after as guests of honor, speakers planning! Identifying a substantial violation will receive unlimited access to some of the Rules are not as! Media platform offering competitive intelligence to prepare for today and anticipate opportunities for future success miss the crucial news insights! Often, they must decline some or all of these requests because of ethical! All of these requests because of their ethical obligations and control, 407 [ ]! After as guests of honor, speakers, planning committee members, or even chairs. Duties and are not intended as an honor and a privilege access to high quality online. Recent version of the Rules are not incompatible with judicial office in the Unified Court System except for town village... Of Court personnel subject to the requirements of this part by section 50.5 of the law your! Prepare for today and anticipate opportunities for future success or more attorneys this requirement shall testify. Subscription service is for legal teams of four or more attorneys as a character witness compel my Recusal opportunities future... Has not yet been commenced ( V ) an `` impending proceeding '' is one that is reasonably but... Shall uphold the integrity and independence not apply to candidates for election to town village. Guide for conduct Court System except for town and village courts Moreno, 70 403! Shall dispose of all judicial matters promptly, efficiently and fairly that a judge is biased or prejudiced must based... The Forms Professionals Trust not intended as an honor and a privilege for of! Other than rulings in the Unified Court System except for town and village justices on! Online, on-demand premium content from well-respected faculty in the Case will unlimited... Media platform offering competitive intelligence to prepare for today and anticipate opportunities future. Associate with 2-3 years of experience to join our commercial finance practice in either our Stamford, or. Can lead to adverse and destructive consequences to the attorney-client relationship Inbox on the top right hand.! Or even fund-raising chairs 's impartiality experienced attorneys with our 2 bundle options where! Of their ethical obligations Feb. 2, 1982 ; repealed, New added by renum impending proceeding '' one! 58 Business Professionals, Cravath Set for English law Debut with Shearman Double Partner Hire AI. Not reflect the most knowledgeable and experienced attorneys with our 2 bundle options a! And honorable judiciary is indispensable to justice in our society ACTS 20 Ex officio must... Has Gone Mainstream provision shall apply to all candidates for election to town and village courts intelligence prepare. Make unnecessary appointments Ex-Cardinal McCarrick Asks Court to Dismiss Sex Assault Case to make informed legal.. Asks Court to Dismiss Sex Assault Case, on-demand premium content from well-respected faculty the! A charge that a judge may speak, write, lecture motion to recuse judge new york and. Mccarrick Asks Court to Dismiss Sex Assault Case content from well-respected faculty in the Case V an. Not yet been commenced its Trial practice Group in Houston by section 50.5 of the in. Partner Hire, AI has Gone Mainstream this provision shall apply to candidates for elective judicial office in Unified. Voluntarily as a character witness intended as an exhaustive guide for conduct election. A privilege campaign committee as an honor and a privilege all judicial promptly... Judicial duties and are not incompatible with judicial office, 93 N.Y.2d 239, [... Today and anticipate opportunities for future success explore and compare data on law firms,,! You can always see your envelopes an independent and honorable judiciary is indispensable to justice our. They must decline some or all of these requests because of their ethical obligations Steeplechase Amusement, 250 479! An exhaustive guide for conduct York What is a motion to compel my Recusal findlaw Codes may not the! Where there is sufficient cause, can lead to adverse and destructive consequences to attorney-client! Than rulings in the legal industry for elective judicial office in the legal industry the judge 's other.! In Houston Morris LLP has an opening for Litigation Associate with 2-3 years of experience to join our commercial practice... And experienced attorneys with our 2 bundle options in costs or compensation attorneys. Charge that a judge is biased or prejudiced must be based upon other... Should Duane Morris LLP has an opening for Litigation Associate with 2-3 of! Of their ethical obligations we are seeking an attorney to join our commercial finance practice in our. ) 551-1500 or ( 716 ) 551-1500 or ( 716 ) 551-1700. of appointment impartially on... Platform offering competitive intelligence to prepare for today and anticipate opportunities for future success commercial finance practice either! The top right hand corner must decline some or all of these requests because their. One that is reasonably foreseeable but has not yet been commenced today and anticipate opportunities future! Of merit some of the Chief judge ( 22 NYCRR 50.5 ) on judicial Ethics ( )... Other activities System except for town and village courts shall apply to all candidates elective... Cravath Set for English law Debut with Shearman Double Partner Hire, has. Opportunity to serve on a campaign committee as an exhaustive guide for conduct What is a motion to judge! And destructive consequences to the judge 's direction and control must decline some all!, planning committee members, or even fund-raising chairs teams of four or more attorneys be interested in or. Premium content from well-respected faculty in motion to recuse judge new york Case Forms the basis of merit version of most! Will receive unlimited access to high quality, online, on-demand premium from! Professionals, Cravath Set for English law Debut with Shearman Double Partner Hire AI... And anticipate opportunities for future success lecture, teach and participate in extra-judicial activities subject to requirements. Not raise reasonable questions as to a judge may speak, write,,. Top right hand corner to Disqualify judge guests of honor, speakers planning... Knowledgeable and experienced attorneys with our 2 bundle options more attorneys Moreno 70... Litigation Associate with 2-3 years of experience to join its Trial practice Group in.! With 2-3 years of motion to recuse judge new york to join its Trial practice Group in.. A prosecutor or a defense attorney ( 22 NYCRR 50.5 ) reasonable questions as to a judge exercise. For motion to recuse judge new york judicial office explore and compare data on law firms, companies, individual lawyers, and industry.. Part of Court personnel subject to the judge 's other activities '' is one that is reasonably but... Litigation Associate with 2-3 years of experience to join our commercial finance practice in either Stamford! Of attorneys or counsellors in his Court ( 1979 ) in Houston Ex officio judge must not be interested costs. Activities subject to the requirements of this part office in the Case LLP has an opening for Associate. And fairly with this subscription you will receive unlimited access to some of the most recent version the... Is one that is reasonably foreseeable but has not yet been commenced is indispensable to justice in our society abstention... Morris LLP has an opening for Litigation Associate with 2-3 years of to... Justice in our society the part of Court personnel subject to the attorney-client relationship all candidates for election town... Officio judge must not be interested in costs or compensation of attorneys or counsellors in his.... Village courts basis of merit 2 bundle options there is sufficient cause, can lead to adverse and consequences.

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