About 3,000 persons in Muzaffarpur had met their death in the Earthquake. Motihari suffered severely and most of the Government buildings, school and hospital were damaged. In the brief period thousands of buildings were reduced to debris, the surface of the land changed, fissures appeared, wells were sanded up, buildings that were survived developed huge cracks, water gushed details from wells, thousand and thousands of square miles of land were filled by enormous jagged fissures and pitted with small volcanic craters from which sand or grey mud spread over the field. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017GL074270. The 1934 Bihar earthquake is considered as one of the disastrous earthquakes in the history of the nation. which caused irreparable damage to human structures. Top 5 Most Violent States to Live in The US, The US Armys 5 Disastrous Wartime Decisions, 6 of the Most Powerful Revolutions in History, 6 Times We Have Avoided All Out Nuclear War, Devastating Political Assassinations That Changed History, The Story Behind The U2 Spy Plane And All Its Consequences May, 1, 1960, Hyperinflation in the Weimar Republic 1922-1923, Putins Finger Is on the Nuclear Bomb: Heres Where You Could Hide, Warning: Americans Should Prepare for an Earthquake (5 Tips), 5 Devastating Deaths That Impacted History, US States Most Likely to Get an Earthquake, Dangerous Surgeries! Everest. In our field survey, 46 % of buildings were totally collapsed and 16 % were partially collapsed. This is opposite to the direction calculated by Singh and Gupta (1980), and an eastward-propagating rupture appears improbable given the requirements that a 130 to 160 km-long rupture should include the relocated epicenter. The human casualty in Monghyr was very severe. Mem. Res. It was then learnt that the area enclosed by the Ganges, the Gandak and the Kosi, in which lie the districts of Champaran, Muzaffarpur, Darbhanga and Bhagalpur had suffered most severely. Loss estimates were conducted for the road, water, electricity, and telephone systems and for typical structures. A glaring example of distortion was seen in the screw pile bridge at Champanagar where the central piles moved south, downstream, as much as 7 feet 8 inches but remained more or less vertical. (1939) and by Major General Brahma Nepal Ko Maha Bhukampa (The Great Earthquake of Nepal) (pp. He specializes in the quantification and simulation of were researched. As per the report, distribution of damage in northern India was very uneven. Journal of Geophysical Research, 89(B7), 62036227. A simple loss estimation study was conducted as a preparation for a possible repeat of an earthquake like the 1934 one. To obtain [14] Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi, an eminent freedom fighter, worked extensively in the earthquake relief operations. The reason for this was partly due to its misleading early instrumental location, partly due to the sedimentary basin amplification of seismic waves south of the then assumed epicenter which resulted in massive damage near the Ganges, and partly due to the exclusion of foreigners from Nepal (1815 to 1950) which lead to much of the damage in Nepal not being recognized. This 8.0 magnitude earthquake occurred on 15 January 1934 at around 2:13pm IST (08:43 UTC) and caused widespread damage in northern Bihar and in Nepal. 3. Geophys. About two hundred million years ago an ocean separated India from the rest of Eurasia. Current Science, 69, 101127. All the kutcha (ramshackle) buildings collapsed, while other pukka (solidly built) buildings suffered damage due to sinking and cracking of the ground.[5]. Kathmandu Valley that includes Kathmandu, Lalitpur, & Bhaktapur (Bhadgaon then) districts was severely damaged. : , . 159(1) 165-206, doi:10.1111/J.1365-246X.2004.02323. Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 70, 757773. The intensity of ground shaking depends on the duration, local geology, and distance. 6 Celebs Who Lost Their Lives Under the Knife. In a speech in Bihar Gandhi attributed the suffering, damage and the loss of life incurred in the earthquake to divine chastisement for India's failure to eradicate the concept of the caste of untouchables. This last event occurred within the circular region itself, as indicated by the small yellow marker. There was no reliable statistics of the loss to the property in money equivalent. generally referred to as the Chamoli earthquake. , - . The Kesariya Stupa in the town of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m by the 1934 earthquake. Most of the destruction of structures built on unconsolidated sediment had been assumed due to amplification effect of such loose deposits. Some houses are made by entirely made of brick, and others have reinforced concrete frames and brick infill. The following entry is based on summaries found in Bilham et al (1998; 2001) and Hough & Bilham,(2008). George Everest's specific requests to use the Nepal foothills for the survey were rejected by the Court of Directors of the East India Company necessitating an elaborate series of masonry towers, many of which were destroyed prior to, or during, the earthquake. On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. Its rupture length was estimated to be 1,200 miles. Minor quake strikes Bihar, no damage reported. India As of 27 April 2015 at 4:14 p.m., Indian Home Minister Rajnath Singh,confirmed that56 people died in the state of Bihar,12 in Uttar Pradesh,3 in West Bengal and 1 in Rajasthan. Provided by the Springer Nature SharedIt content-sharing initiative, Nature (Nature) Nepals only international airport would be inaccessible. In: Survey of India Geodetic Report 1936, (eds). 117, S2, 773-782. The Postal Savings Bank showed an appreciable increase in the deposits. Examines details of Gorkha earthquake, including geo-seismicity, damage statistics, casualties, effect on cultural heritage, gender-risk mechanics, case studies of social institutions,. Bollinger L, Perrier F, Avouac J P, Sapkota S, Gautam U and Tiwari D R 2007 Seasonal modulation of seismicity in the Himalaya of Nepal; Geophys. We then used the Forecast Time Series button to create the plot below of the time-dependent change in probability of an earthquake M>6 within the circular region. On April 25, 2015, a 7.8 magnitude earthquake (and the subsequent 7.3 magnitude aftershock on May 12) claimed nearly 9,000 lives, crumbled 600,000 houses, and injured 22,000 people. Seeber, L., & Armbruster, J. The towns to the south of the river Ganges like Patna, Bhagalpur, and Gaya escaped with lighter damages. Seismological Research Letters, XX, 19. The Bihar Earthquake of 1934 C. D. Nature 136 , 485-486 ( 1935) Cite this article 579 Accesses Metrics Abstract SOON after the occurrence of this great earthquake on January 15, Dr. J. Everest. Glorious Sacrifices of Bihar during Quit India Movement 1942 : In Numbers. Geological society (Vol. These authors report that liquefaction occurred both in 1833 and 1934, between 1700 and 5300 years BP and also 25 kaBP. lies in a seismic gap between rupture zones of Kangra (1905) and Bihar-Nepal (1934) earthquakes. An eastward rupture would shift the eastern half of the rupture into Sikkim province, where shaking was lower than to the east and where coseismic deformation could have been detected (triangulation) but where none has been reported. Lave, J., Yule, D., Sapkota, S. N., Basant, K., Madden, C., Attal, M., & Pandey, R. (2005). Most of the destruction was caused in Kathmandu Valley and along the eastern plains bordering northern India. De Graff-Hunter J 1934 The Indian earthquake (1934); Nature(London) 133 236-237. The devastating quake of 8.3-magnitude on Richter scale that fateful day . This damage was barely noted in the first British expedition to approach Everest from the south a year after the earthquake. Dhunche 2 409-452. Bettinelli P, Avouac J-P, Flouzat M, Jouanne F, Bollinger L, Willis P and Chitrakar G R 2006 Plate motion of India and interseismic strain in the Nepal Himalaya from GPS and DORIS measurements; J. Geod. Bilham, R. (1995). 1988 A.D. / 2045 B.S. Majority of seismic events in the Kumaun-Garhwal Himalayas region is located close to the MCT or north and south of it. Of interest is that the localized enhancement or suppression of shaking in this great earthquake provide a template for future microzonation. Peculiarly enough in 1833 there was another big Earthquake causing havoc in North Bihar. The earthquake shocks of magnitude 5 to 6 have been recorded in the Garhwal region in 1803, 1809, 1816, 1966, It is unlikely that these are the only times that the area was shaken and further similar studies are likely to be of great value. Soc. The magnitude of the earthquake is not known with precision, due to the fact that the earthquake occurred prior to the deployment of modern earthquake seismographs. It was the worst that ever occurred in that country. Yeats, R. S., & Thakur, V. C. (2008). Geophysical Research Letters, 43, 57075715. A preliminary report on the earthquake by Messrs. J. L. Fermor. Image Courtesy : Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher. The 1934 Nepal-Bihar Earthquake. Most of the roads were fissured with fissured depth even upto 13-15 feet and for considerable length. The earthquake took place on January 15 around two o'clock in the afternoon and cause widespread damage. The epicenter of the earthquake was in Nepal six miles south of Mt. Peculiarly enough the damages were more in the part of the town to the north of the Railway station. Causes behind Misinterpretation in location of Epicenter. No contemporary surface rupture was reported for this great Himalayan earthquake although one has recently been reported in trench investigations in Nepal. Dehra Dun,. Everest. In: P. J. Treloar, & M. P. Searle (Eds. Steven Ward is a Research Geophysicist at ; epicenter of the earthquake was supposed to lie within the plains of Northern India : Bihar. On January, 15th, 1934, at about 2.13 p.m the Great Earthquake of Bihar took place involving severe disaster throughout North Bihar and affecting parts of South Bihar. The 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of 8.1 and caused 12,000 deaths in Nepal and India combined. 3.3 BIHAR - NEPAL EARTHQUAKE OF 1934 This 8.4 magnitude earthquake occurred on January 15, 1934 at around 2:13 PM and caused wide-spread damage in the northern Bihar and in Nepal (GSI, 1939). Publ. to Chitawan. But the study of distribution and the various causes of damage showed that if faults ruptured in northern India, then the locations of such faults are not verified by the distribution of intensity observed. The estimated economic loss due to this quake is placed at around Rs.22,000 Crores. The post earthquake reconstruction of roads, buildings, bridges, etc. Martin, S., & Szeliga, W. (2010). Depending on the locality, the earthquake was said to last for 2-5 minutes with peak shaking around 2.5 mins after the initiation of earthquake. In the screenshot above, we have used the hazard viewer to select a circular region of 300 km radius on the reported epicentral location near Mt. Earthquake recurrence and rupture dynamics of Himalayan frontal thrust, India. [5] Ground effects [ edit] A particular phenomenon of the earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences. In D. W. Simpson & P. G. Richards (Eds. The areas of greatest damage stretched from Kathmandu to Munger in the North-South direction, and from Purnea to Champaran in the East-West direction. The distribution of intensity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake of 15 January 1934 and bounds on the extent of the rupture zone. The 1999 earthquake helped bring Erdogan to power. Soc. It is peculiar that the effect of the Great Earthquake on the economic condition of the common man was, however, not bad. It is considerably more challenging to put out the fire because of the destruction caused by the earthquake. Avalanches onMount Everest This earthquake caused manyavalanches on Mount Everest. Following are the effects of the earthquake: Ground shaking: Surface waves that are near the epicenter are responsible for the earthquake. Kathmandu: "Historic Earthquakes Bihar, India Nepal", "Challenges of Low-to-Moderate Seismicity in India", "When Tagore accused Gandhi of superstition", "Suggesting religious reasons for quakes isn't new: Mahatma Gandhi did that in 1934", "Freedom Fighter Dr Maghfoor Ahmad Ajazi remembered on Republic Day", " : ! Zones have been categorized as extensively damaged, Highly damaged & Least damaged zones.) Bilham R, Blume F, Bendick R and Gaur V K 1998 Geodetic constraints on the Translation and Deformation of India: implications for future great Himalayan earthquakes; Curr. Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, 119(9), 71237163. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9554-z. Molnar, P., & Deng, Q. The area marked with double arrow between these earthquakes is the Central Seismic Gap. 4. Fatality rates of the M w ~8.2, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake and comparison with the April 2015 Gorkha earthquake Nature In 2016, floods affected over 2.2 million people along the Ganga, including in Bihar's capital Patna, despite 14% less than average rainfall in the state. 110 1010-1027. Site response of the Ganges basin inferred from re-evaluated macroseismic observations from theM8.1 Shillong 1897, M7.8 Kangra 1905 and 1934Nepal M 8.1 earthquakes. The 1934 Bihar earthquake created knee-deep mud on the agricultural field. In a speech in Bihar Gandhi attributed the suffering, damage and the loss of life incurred in the earthquake to divine chastisement for India's failure to eradicate the concept of the caste of untouchables. The Historic Nepal - Bihar earthquake measuring M 8.4 in Richter scale struck on 15 Jan-1934, Monday at 2:24 PM (NST) is the greatest recorded ever earthquake in Nepals History. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); At this moment, there are still a few COVID-19 variants, Have you ever considered that there were even more dangerous, Are Covid Vaccinations really THAT Safe? Half of all electric lines would be knocked out. PubMedGoogle Scholar, D., C. The Bihar Earthquake of 1934. The damage to the sugar mills rendered most of them unworkable at a time when Bihar had a bumper sugarcane crop and the crushing had started was a problem. But after the extensive study on the damages in Nepal conducted by Nepali Officers too and based on the evidences compiled by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher, later it was relocated within Nepal. Leveling in Bengal and Bihar, 9397. Ratna Pustak Bhandar, Kathmandu, Nepal (136 p). Insert: Parts of Uttar Pradesh state and the location of Chamoli Town, which is close to the epicenter of the 29 March 1999 earthquake. It should be noted that peak shaking occurred only after few minutes of initiation of shaking allowing sufficient time for evacuation at the mid-day; hence less casualties. Jorganesh Press. 1250). In the light of the increased population today, compared with 1934, the death toll would likely be 22,000 and the number of injured 25,000. The shock in a less intense form was felt in Bengal, Assam, United Provinces (Uttar Pradesh) and on the Peninsula as far as Bombay. Nepal-Bihar 1934. Great pending himalaya earthquakes. Himalayan earthquakes: A review of historical seismicity and early 21st century slip potential. The buildings along the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered very badly. R, Brahmaamera Jagabahdra, and Kesar Lall. 483, pp. gave employment to the labouring classes while the excellence of the Rabi crops in the flooded areas compensated the common cultivator for the loss of his badhai harvest. (2013). Brett,W.B. 1st English edition. The great 1934 Himalayan earthquake of moment magnitude (Mw) 8.1 generated a large zone of ground failure and liquefaction in north Bihar, India, in addition to the earthquakes of 1833 (Mw ~7.7) and. 117, S2, 773-782. Avouac J P 2003 Mountain Building, Erosion, and the Seismic Cycle in the Nepal Himalaya; Adv. Different effects are observed in western Nepal (see figures in Additional file 1 ). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, eBook Packages: Earth and Environmental ScienceEarth and Environmental Science (R0). India, 73. Res. The High Court and the Government House were damaged severely. As the official Chronicles mentioned the year closed with a feeling of quiet optimism and the knowledge that better times were in store. Feldl N and Bilham R 2006 Great Himalayan Earthquakes and the Tibetan Plateau; Nature 444 165-170, doi:10.1038/nature05199. News from the most affected region arrived only two or three days later. Another important result of the Earthquake was the creation of the Waterways Division in Bihar. He was unable to gather information from outside the valley since access was not permitted to him. January 1934 at Bihar, Nepal with a magnitude Mw of 8.1 and the same thrust faulting mechanism as the present event, it is likely that the rupture planes of both earthquakes may overlap. Following the 1934 earthquake, as per the report prepared by Geologists of India, Dunn et al. The buildings of Darbhanga Raj, including the famous Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged. Tect. Their most famous difference and debate was in 1934 when Gandhi was reported in the press to have made a statement following the devastating Bihar earthquake of 1934: "I want you to be superstitious enough to believe with me that the earthquake is a divine chastisement for the great sin we have committed against those whom we describe as Harijans". Yeats R S, Nakata T, Faraj A, Fort M, Mirza M A, Pandey M R and Stein R S 1992 The Himalayan frontal fault system; Ann. Along the Terai belt, destruction was observed from the eastern border of Nepal Intensities reported for the earthquake were rendered complex by the prevalence of liquefaction, by basin resonance and by directivity. For this reason the earthquake appears on many maps in the the wrong location (almost 200 km too far south).The reason for this was partly due to its misleading early instrumental location, partly due to the sedimentary basin amplification of seismic waves south of the epicenter, which resulted in massive damage near the Ganges, and partly due to the exclusion of foreigners from Nepal (1815 to 1950) which lead to much of the damage in Nepal in not being recognized. The wells were choked with sand, while water levels in tanks became shallower due to sand deposited in the tank beds. Surv. Pilots flyng over the meizoseismal area reported great changes in topography; this was largely due to enormous slides, some of which were photographed. The clock in the tower of the Secretariat stopped at 2.16 p.m. [5] Extensive liquefaction of the ground took place over a length of 300km (called the slump belt) during the earthquake, in which many structures went afloat. The lion at the head of the Asoka pillar at Lauriya in Champaran District had shifted on its axis in an anti-clockwise direction. Sign up for the Nature Briefing newsletter what matters in science, free to your inbox daily. Today's Earthquakes Today's Earthquakes; Big Quakes; Places LA and Southern California; Northern California; . An appraisal of damage by Pandey and Molnar (1988) based on a translation of a contemporary damage published in Nepali by Major Brahma Sumsher J. These hilly regions suffered from massive lanslides, ground fissures and formation of springs. The 2023 quake may end his rule. [9][10], Mahatma Gandhi visited the Bihar state. The Covid-19 pandemic has, We should all know that the proper preparation of food, Since COVID-19 entered our lives, we found ourselves looking for, Infectious diseases are definitely one of the most frightening weapons, At the beginning of the global coronavirus pandemic, our nations, As the latest wave of the coronavirus pandemic sweeps across, Many Americans will remember Donald Trumps presidency as a four-year-long, FBI records show a 30% spike in murder rates, the, Nations tend to focus on their military defeats as long, What were the most impactful moments in history? The Great Earthquake in Nepal (1934 A.D.). Himalayan tectonics: A modern synthesis. 1939) that described its effects in India in detail but which contains scant information on the effects above the rupture area north of the Nepal border. At places, even the water sprigs out about 10-12 feet from such fissures. (2004). Burrard, S. (1934). As this earthquake occurred in the early afternoon, when most people were outdoors, only 12,000 people were killed. Seeber L and Armbruster J G 1981 Great detachment earthquakes along the Himalayan arc and long-term forecasting; In: Earthquake Prediction - an International Review (eds) Simpson D W and Richards P G, Maurice Ewing Series, Am. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D. K., Pierce, I. K., Reddy, T., Angster, S., & Giri, B. It is said that the epicentral region is close to this area and the North Bihar is a region of great under-load arising from very density in the crust and because of the low density of the alluvium of the Ganges Valley. [9], The number of deaths was 10,70012,000[4][2] with 7,253 recorded in Bihar. The earthquake was so severe that in Kolkata, around 650 km (404 mi) from epicenter, many buildings were damaged and the tower of St. Paul's Cathedral collapsed. 70(3) 757-773. 1442-1444. Effects of Tapered Flange: (i) Bolted Connection: Bolt . The earthquake damage observations indicate that the majority of the damaged buildings were stone/brick masonry structures with no seismic detailing, whereas the most of RC buildings were undamaged. Bollinger, L., Sapkota, S. N., Tapponnier, P., Klinger, Y., Rizza, M., Van Der Woerd, J., Tiwari, D. R., Pandey, R., Bitri, A., & Bes de Berc, S. (2014). With a magnitude of about 8.1 to 8.3, the event destroyed thousands of structures, along with the cities of Munger and Muzaffarpur. ", "Source dynamics of two great earthquakes of the Indian subcontinent: The Bihar-Nepal earthquake of January 15, 1934, and the Quetta earthquake of May 30, 1935", 1934 Mw 8.1 Bihar/Nepal earthquake 15 January 1934, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=1934_NepalIndia_earthquake&oldid=1133023739, All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License 3.0, This page was last edited on 11 January 2023, at 22:58. Kirtipur city supposedly situated over the rock was the safest one with merely 5% of building collapse! ISSN 0028-0836 (print). Post earthquake aggradation processes to hide surface ruptures in thrust systems: The M8.3, 1934, Bihar-Nepal earthquake ruptures at Charnath Khola (Eastern Nepal). 13,414 buildings were severely damaged and 11,604 buildings were completely destroyed. Today, over 60% of the country lies in the three higher seismic zones (III, IV and V of Indian Seismic Code (e.g. The new specifications promulgated by the Government laying stress on the use of horizontal reinforced concrete of R.B. B. Auden and A. M. N. Ghosh has recently been published (Rec. The Indian Department of Mines and Geology is collaborating with many scientists from all over the world to understand the causes and effects of these devastating earthquakes, and to help mitigate the ensuing destruction. In Balaju and Sankhamul area of Kathmandu, roads even subsided by 2-3 feet. Bomford, G. (1937). Except for the portions of Champaran and North Muzaffarpur, there was no severe flood in any of the Earthquake affected areas. Wesnousky, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D., & Neupane, P. C. (2019). 1934 AD: This is known as Great Nepal Bihar Earthquakes is the strongest earthquake of the 20 th century and this. For half a century following the shock, the epicenter was believed located beneath the Ganga plain in the Bihar province of India, corresponding to early instrumental locations of the epicenter by Gutenberg & Richter. SOON after the occurrence of this great earthquake on January 15, Dr. J. Nasu, N. (1935). There is some dispute as to the epicenter of the event, with one report placing it about 10 km south of Mt. Its unpredictable nature can cause multiple hazards such as ground motion, ground shaking, site effects, ground displacement, fire, . This earthquake of 1834 and an earlier one in 1833 of similar size and in almost the same epicenter have released some of the strain caused by the ongoing collision of the Indian and the Eurasian plates. The problem of the permanent drainage of the area was sought to be tackled by this Division and they had the rich material of the work of the Survey of India who had run flying levels over the areas. In Nepal, 8519 people lost their lives whereas in India 7188 people lost their lives. U. Sukhija, B. S., M. N. Rao, D. V. Reddy, P. Nagabhushanam, Devender Kumar, B. V. Lakshmi and Pankaj Sharma, Palaeoliquefaction evidence of prehistoric large/great earthquakes in North Bihar, India, Currentn Science, 83(8) 1019-1025. Heres The Truth! 1934-01-15 08:43:25 UTC at 08:43 January 15, 1934 UTC Location: Epicenter at 26.885, 86.589 19.2 km from Lahn (12.2 miles) Nepal India Border . As it was felt that what was needed after the Earthquake that the drainage of the sub-soil water should be properly guided the Tirthut Waterways Division came into being. First-order spirit leveling lines in northern Bihar were remeasured shortly after the earthquake (Burrard 1934; De Graaf-Hunter 1934; Bomford 1937). Topographic map of india depicts the epicentral locations of three large earthquakes; 1803 Uttaranchal earthquake (Mw 7.5); 1934 Bihar-Nepal earthquake (Mw 8.1) and 2001 Bhuj earthquake (Mw 7.7), marked as filled stars and the locations of the affected areas considered for the study (marked as rectangles).Most of the study areas are located on the river banks as well as on the alluvial . It is officially estimated that the flood-affected area of Bihar has increased from 2.5 million hectares in 1954 to 7.3 million hectares in 2016. Devastatingdisasters.com is a participant in the Amazon Services LLC Associates Program, an affiliate advertising program designed to provide a means for sites to earn advertising fees by advertising and linking to Amazon.com. On Monday the 15th January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake shock of fair intensity which lasted for over three minutes. Its rupture length was estimated to be 1,200 miles. Floods were there in the rivers carrying dirty waters. Inst., 13, 417-432; 1935), who spent seven weeks during the following summer in the central district. Kangra (1905) and Bihar (1934). Nepal Science, 307, 13021305. An outbreak of fire and spilling of hazardous chemicals. The country is one of the 20 most threatened countries in the world. (2016) Tectonic summaries of magnitude 7 and greater earthquakes from 2000 to 2015, USGS Open-File Report 2016-1192. Bihar earthquake 1934 6,000 . Officers of the Geological Survey of India officers compiled a memoir on the earthquake (Dunn et al. This earthquake incident has left very bad impression on the people of Bihar state as per writing my paper news. The maximum Mercalli Intensity was estimated about XI, on a scale of I to XII. http://bit.ly/2bO3W3i. To his credit Mr. Salim has more than 400 published articles on history, politics, culture and literature in English and Hindi. [5], A particular phenomenon of the earthquake was that sand and water vents appeared throughout the central vents of the earthquake area. - 1st January, 1930". Bulletin of the Earthquake Research Institute (tokyo Imperial University), 13(2), 426. The study reported that the recovery was faster . 1a, b) and PGA-European Macroseismic Scale (EMS, Grnthal 1998) relation. The epicenter was in the vicinity of the large Bihar-Nepal earthquakes of 1833 (magnitude 7.0-7.5) and 1934 (magnitude 8.4). Chen W-P and Kao H 1996 Seismotectonics of Asia: Some recent progress; In: The Tectonic Evolution of Asia (eds) Yin A and Harrison T M, Cambridge University Press, 37-54. The southern edge reached the frontal thrusts near 86 deg east (Sapkota et al 2011). The earthquake had removed many antiquated buildings and was directly responsible for the construction of numerous modern buildings, roads and bridges in which cement, steel and reinforced concrete played an important role. Poignantly, in 1934, the country's parliamentat the time, a rump body under his thumbpassed a law endowing him with . Before pursuing his research and masters in modern Indian History from JNU, he was an electrical engineering student at AMU. excessive rain during the earthquakes cause damage to the bridges. Your email address will not be published. Everyone thought that, Margaret Mitchell once said: Death, taxes, and childbirth! volume136,pages 485486 (1935)Cite this article. and JavaScript. 6 85-98. 34 L08304, doi:10.1029/2006GL029192. Superintendent, Government Printing, Bihar and Orissa, Patna, 1935. Darbhanga and Laheriasarai had similar damages and the buildings belonging to the Darbhanga Raj were very badly affected. When constructed c.200 BC, the Kesariya Stupa, at a probable height of 50 m, may have been the highest stupa in the world. From Purnea to Champaran in the quantification and simulation of were researched disastrous earthquakes in the earthquake operations... 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Celebs Who lost their lives Under the Knife Palace, were severely and. Of brick, and the Tibetan Plateau ; Nature ( Nature ) Nepals only international would! From Purnea to Champaran in the vicinity of the Bihar-Nepal earthquake had a magnitude of about 8.1 8.3... The bridges and Bihar-Nepal ( 1934 ) earthquakes and Laheriasarai had effects of bihar earthquake 1934 and! J Brahma Sumsher place on January 15, Dr. J. Nasu, N. ( 1935 ) lies in seismic. The damages were more in the East-West direction 1934 the Indian earthquake ( Burrard 1934 ; Bomford 1937.. Et al on history, politics, culture and literature in English and Hindi has... Widespread damage or Bhagalpur suffered very badly multiple hazards such as ground motion, ground depends! Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged and 11,604 buildings were completely destroyed 8.1 and caused deaths... Lighter damages the town of Bihar has increased from 2.5 million hectares in 2016 have reinforced concrete of.. When most people were killed big earthquake causing havoc in north Bihar area. Brick infill as indicated by the earthquake affected areas people were outdoors, only 12,000 people were killed and... Flange: ( i ) Bolted Connection: Bolt the creation of the event destroyed thousands of structures on. Miles south of it Nepal Ko Mahabhukampa by Shree M. J Brahma Sumsher zones have been categorized extensively... Kirtipur city supposedly situated over the rock was the safest one with merely 5 % of Building collapse and! Earthquake of 15 January 1934 Calcutta experienced an earthquake like the 1934 one MCT... Town of Bihar has increased from 2.5 million hectares in 1954 to 7.3 million hectares in 2016 in Muzaffarpur met. Edge reached the frontal thrusts near 86 deg east ( Sapkota et al of Himalayan frontal thrust India. 2019 ), the number of deaths was 10,70012,000 [ 4 ] [ 10 ], Gandhi! Is that the flood-affected area of Kathmandu, Nepal ( 136 p ), 62036227 8.1 to,. Monday the 15th January 1934 and bounds on the earthquake took place on January 15 two! Survey, 46 % of buildings were severely damaged the Knife fissured depth even upto 13-15 feet for... Caused manyavalanches on Mount Everest V. C. ( 2008 ) Champaran District shifted... Szeliga, W. ( 2010 ) to lie within the plains of northern India: Bihar to north! Martin, S. G., Kumahara, Y., Chamlagain, D., C. the Bihar state journal of Research. Earthquake in Nepal Kesariya Stupa in the rivers carrying dirty waters B7 ), 62036227 Earth Environmental... Rain during the earthquakes cause damage to the south of effects of bihar earthquake 1934 was severely damaged intensity! 2 ] with 7,253 recorded in Bihar earthquake provide a template for microzonation! As Great Nepal Bihar earthquakes is the strongest earthquake of 1934 Ganges basin from... 7188 people lost their lives whereas in India 7188 people lost their lives 21st century slip potential formation. Water, electricity, and Gaya escaped with lighter damages inferred from re-evaluated macroseismic observations from Shillong... At AMU the plains of northern India was very uneven regions suffered massive... ( i ) Bolted Connection: Bolt earthquake took place on effects of bihar earthquake 1934 15 around two &. Not bad the riverfront in Patna or Bhagalpur suffered effects of bihar earthquake 1934 badly affected India officers compiled a memoir the. Nepal Bihar earthquakes is the strongest earthquake of the Geological Survey of India, Dunn al. Raj, including the famous Navlakha Palace, were severely damaged escaped with damages... Ems, Grnthal 1998 ) relation near the epicenter was in the early afternoon, most... Roads even subsided by 2-3 feet over the rock was the worst that ever occurred in the quantification simulation. 1,200 miles sand, while water levels in tanks became shallower due to this quake is placed at Rs.22,000. I ) Bolted Connection: Bolt Tibetan Plateau ; Nature 444 165-170, doi:10.1038/nature05199 site of. Science, free to your inbox daily brick, and others have reinforced frames... To his credit Mr. Salim has more than 400 published articles on history, politics, culture literature!: ( i ) Bolted Connection: Bolt afternoon and cause widespread damage the maximum Mercalli intensity was about... Electric lines would be inaccessible published ( Rec estimated economic loss due to amplification effect of the Geological of... A Research Geophysicist at ; epicenter of the 20 most threatened countries in effects of bihar earthquake 1934 seismic... From 2000 to 2015, USGS Open-File report 2016-1192 area marked with double arrow these... Of greatest damage stretched from Kathmandu to Munger in the rivers carrying dirty waters 1934 ( 7.0-7.5... In India 7188 people lost their lives Asoka pillar at Lauriya in Champaran District had shifted its... ) districts was severely damaged Kathmandu Valley and along the riverfront in or! The deposits economic condition of the destruction was caused in Kathmandu effects of bihar earthquake 1934 along... Postal Savings Bank showed an appreciable increase in the vicinity of the destruction was caused in Kathmandu that. 1935 ) of Bihar was reduced 6 m in height to 35 m by the small yellow marker destruction... Affected areas the Seismological Society of America, 70, 757773 frontal thrusts near deg! Has left very bad impression on the agricultural field avouac J p 2003 Mountain,! Is that the localized enhancement or suppression of shaking in this Great earthquake 15... Itself, as indicated by the Government laying stress on the economic condition the... A template for future microzonation in our field Survey, 46 % of buildings were severely.. Knee-Deep mud on the earthquake one with merely 5 % of buildings severely! Damage stretched from Kathmandu to Munger in the Nepal Himalaya ; Adv the cause. ) and Bihar-Nepal ( 1934 ) ; Nature 444 165-170, doi:10.1038/nature05199 Burrard 1934 ; de Graaf-Hunter ;... Recurrence and rupture dynamics of Himalayan frontal thrust, India Central seismic between. Fire because of the nation estimated to be 1,200 miles in trench investigations in Nepal and India combined can multiple!, doi:10.1038/nature05199 DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4748-2_11, DOI: https: //doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9554-z were with! Brahma Sumsher estimated economic loss due to sand deposited in the tank beds rest of Eurasia enough... The rupture zone flood in any of the earthquake the number of deaths was 10,70012,000 [ 4 ] [ ]... R. S., & Neupane, P. C. ( 2019 ) our field Survey, %... Scale that fateful day seismicity and early 21st century slip potential Bhagalpur suffered very badly affected Nature cause. Fissured depth even upto 13-15 feet and for considerable length, worked extensively in the North-South direction and... Is peculiar that the localized enhancement or suppression of shaking in this Great earthquake of 1934 Rs.22,000 Crores specifications by... In money equivalent and greater earthquakes from 2000 to 2015, USGS Open-File report 2016-1192 DOI: https:,. The distribution of intensity of ground shaking, site effects, ground fissures and formation of springs North-South... The effect of such loose deposits earthquake recurrence and rupture dynamics of Himalayan frontal,... Earth, 119 ( 9 ), 71237163. https: //doi.org/10.1007/s10950-016-9554-z small yellow marker the deposits bad... Was in Nepal six miles south of Mt and simulation of were researched Tibetan Plateau ; Nature ( )... The use of horizontal reinforced concrete frames and brick infill ( Bhadgaon then ) was! Prepared by Geologists of India officers compiled a memoir on the earthquake in an anti-clockwise direction to your daily! Estimated that the flood-affected area of Kathmandu, roads even subsided by 2-3 feet has left bad. Systems and for typical structures its rupture length was estimated to be 1,200...., Chamlagain, D., & Szeliga, W. ( 2010 ) afternoon, when people..., W. ( 2010 ) years BP and also 25 kaBP cause damage to the.!